Harry Targ
(Originally posted on Friday, May 1, 2009)
Posted on United for Peace and Justice Website
Sketching Today’s Global Political Economy
During the latest phase of monopoly and finance capital (1945- to the present)
enormous changes occurred in the global political economy. First, the United
States emerged as a superpower and in an effort to crush the threat of
socialism around the world committed itself to constructing a “permanent war
economy.” This permanent war economy would create the military capacity to
destroy alternatives to global capitalism, stimulate and maintain a high growth
manufacturing economy, justify an anti-communist crusade to crush the left in
the United States, and co-opt and/or repress working class demands for change.
In addition, the permanent war economy would occasion the perpetuation of
racism and patriarchy in public and private life.
As the years passed corporate rates of profit began to decline as a result of
rising competition among capitalist states, over-production and
under-consumption, an increasing fiscal crisis of the capitalist state, and
rising prices of core natural resources (particularly oil). With a growing
crisis, global corporate and finance capital shifted from investments in
production of goods and services to financial speculation. Thus capitalist
investment steadily shifted to financialization, or the investment in
paper-stocks, bonds, private equity and hedge funds and other forms of
speculative investment. Financial speculation was encouraged by state tax
policies, “free trade” agreements, an expanded international system of
indebtedness, and increased reliance on consumer debt.
Multinational corporations which continued to produce goods and services sought
to overcome declining profit rates. This, they concluded, could only be
achieved by reducing the costs of labor. To overcome the demand for higher real
wages, health and other benefits, and worker rights, manufacturing facilities
were moved from core capitalist states to poor countries where lower wages were
paid. Thus, in wealthier countries millions of relatively high paying jobs were
lost while production of goods increasingly moved to sweatshops in poor
countries. Wealthy capitalist states experienced deindustrialization.
Finally, assisted by technological advances, from computers to new forms of
shipping, financial speculation and deindustrialization fueled the full
flowering of globalization, or the radically increased patterns of cross border
interactions-economic, political, and cultural. Globalization began to
transform the world into one integrated global political economy.
In short, we may speak of a four-fold set of parallel political and economic
developments that have occurred since the end of World War II, in which the
United States has played a leading role:
1.creating a permanent war economy
2.financialization
3.deindustrialization
4.globalization.
(Complicating this narrative of 15 years ago is the rise
of China as a significant economic and technological competitor of the United
States. Europe and Japan, and the emergence of greater collaboration
economically and politically of many of the countries of the Global South).
Should We Be Thinking About Socialism Today?
A rich and vital set of images of a socialist future
comes down to us from the utopians, anarchists, and Marxists, the martyrs of
the first May Day, and the variety of experiments with socialism attempted in
Asia, Eastern Europe, Western Europe, Africa, and the Caribbean. Extracting
from the multiple reasons why individuals and movements chose socialism one
reason stands out; that is, that capitalism historically is and has been a
cruel and inhumane system, a system borne and fueled by slavery, genocide,
super exploitation of workers, tactics of division based on race and gender,
and an almost total disregard for the natural environment that sustains life.
Building a permanent war economy, financialization, deindustrialization, and
globalization are merely extensions of the cruel and heartless pursuit of
profit which has been the fundamental driving force of the capitalist mode of
production.
Drawing on the history and the images of a better future coupled with the
brutality of the capitalist era, we might conceive of a 21st century socialist
future that has four main dimensions.
First, we need to create institutions that are created and staffed by the
working classes and serve the interests of the working classes. While scholars
and activists may disagree about what “class” means in today’s complicated
world, it is clear that the vast majority of humankind do not own or control
the means of production, nor do they usually have an instrumental place in
political institutions. Therefore, socialism involves, in the Marxist sense,
the creation of a workers’ state and since most of us are workers (more than 90
percent of the US population for example), a state must be established that
represents and serves the interests of the many, not the few.
Second, our vision of socialism is a society in which the working classes fully
participate in the institutions that shape their lives and in the creation of
the policies that these institutions develop to serve the needs of all the people.
Third, socialism also implies the creation of public policies that sustain
life. Socialism in this sense is about good jobs, incomes that provide for
human needs, access to health care for all, adequate housing and
transportation, a livable environment, and an end to discrimination and war.
Fourth, socialism is also about the creation of institutions and policies that
maximize human potential. A socialist society provides the intellectual tools
to stimulate creativity, celebrate diversity, and facilitate writing poetry,
singing and dancing, basking in nature’s glow, and living, working, and loving
with others in humanly sustainable communities.
Continuing Political Struggles
Today we remain terribly far from any of these
dimensions of socialism. But paradoxically, humankind at this point in time has
the technological tools to build a mass movement to create a socialist future.
We can communicate instantaneously with peoples all over the world. We can
access information about the world that challenges the narrow ruling class
media frames about the human condition. We have in the face of brutal war,
environmental devastation, enduring racism, super exploitation of workers
everywhere mass movements of workers, women, people of color, indigenous
people, and youth who are demanding changes. Increasingly public discourse is
based upon the realization that our future will bring either extinction or
survival. Socialism, although it is not labeled as such, represents human
survival.
Where do we who believe that socialism offers the best hope for survival stand
at this critical juncture? We are weak. Many of us are older. Some of us have
remained mired in old formulas about change. Nevertheless, we can make a
contribution to building a socialist future. In fact we have a critical role to
play.
We must articulate systematic understandings of the global political economy
and where it came from: permanent war, financialization, deindustrialization,
and globalization. We need to articulate what impacts these processes have had
on class, race, gender, and the environment. In other words, we need to
convince activists that almost all things wrong with the world are connected
and are intimately tied to the development of capitalism as the dominant mode
of production.
We need to take our place in political struggles that demand an expanded role
for workers in political institutions. We need to insist that the working
classes participate in all political decisions.
We need to wage campaigns that could sustain life: jobs, living wages,
single payer health care, climate change, ending militarism and war, etc. Our contribution can include
making connections between the variety of single issues, insisting that
participants in mass movements take cognizance of and work on the other single
issues that constitute the mosaic of problems that require transformation. We
must remember that in the end the basic policies that sustain life require
building socialism. Most struggles, such as those to achieve living wages or a
single payer health care system for example, plant the seeds for building a
broader socialist society. We can incorporate our socialist vision in our
debates about single issues: if we demand a living wage, why not talk about
equality for example?
We need to rearticulate our belief that human beings have a vast potential for
good, for creativity, and given a just society, we all could move away from
classism, racism, and sexism. We could pursue our talents and interests in the
context of a sharing and cooperative society.
By working for institutional incorporation (empowerment) and life-sustaining
and enhancing policies we will be planting the seeds for a socialist society.
“In our hands is placed a power greater than their hoarded gold,
Greater than the might of armies, magnified a thousand-fold.
We can bring to birth a new world from the ashes of the
old.
For the union makes us strong”
From “Solidarity Forever,” Ralph Chaplin lyrics, 1915.
https://youtu.be/9g1IArAW5Dk
